GROUP 1! (HarDisK) (:

The dam in Amazon River

The Amazon River

Amazon River.
Amazon River of South America is well know for its volume of water with a total river flow greater than the next eight largest rivers combined.

For the last century the length of the Amazon and the Nile Rivers have been in a tight battle for title of world's longest river.

It is the second longest river after the River Nile. It is 6437 km long.

Amazing Facts:

There are over 2000 different types of fish found in the Amazon River.

-Examples are the Piranhas. Piranhas actually can only grow to 60 centimeter long. Many animals come to the river to drink. It is also the place for many rare animals to live in.
There are also rare animals like Anacondas which is the longest snake in the world.

-Arapaima, also known locally as Pirarucu, Arapaima gigas is the largest, exclusively fresh water fish in the world. They have been found to reach a length of 15 ft/4m and can weigh up to 440lbs/200kg.

-The Amazon water lily has giant leaves. It is the biggest plants in the world. They can measure up to 1.5 metres across. They float on the surface of the water.

Others:
The Amazon is responsible for about 20% of the total volume of fresh water entering the oceans worldwide.
Offshore of the mouth of the Amazon, potable water can be drawn from the ocean while still out of sight of the coastline, and the salinity of the ocean is notably lower five hundred kilometres out to sea.
The Amazon River is not only the greatest in the world; it is home to many other "Extremes" of the natural world.

Uses:
-Animals drink water from the river.
- The river is actually a source for the animals. For the animals, the Amazon River is a good spot for drinking.
-Human activities such as fishing and kayaking. People actually go to the river for fishing as there are a variety of fishes in the river and they go for kayaking as the river is long enough for them to kayak
-Guides actually use motorboats to show people about the Amazon River. Motorboats are good transportation as it is fast and there is a suitable amount of seats for the tourists. It is also a safe and cool environment.

Problems:
-The main problem, which has affected the river is that, many rare animals in the Amazon are in danger. Many people had actually killed these rare animals for their needs.
-People actually throw waste materials and oil inside the River Amazon. Now, the river is very polluted.
-The river will flood when it is during the wet season. The Amazon basin will rise which causes flood.
-People actually built dams. By doing so, many animals will die and it will also use up many space of the river. Those dams are built for irrigation, flood control, water supply and improvement of navigation. But the main thing is that they built it to produce hydroelectricity. Farmers will have a hard time farming as most of the water will be used up and it will pull the natural fertilizers and farmers have to buy their own fertilizers which cost a lot and their crops will not be as healthy as past times. Dams are actually the main problem of many other rivers. If the dam breaks, the city will flood and that will lead to many other problems.

Sources: -www.wikipidea.com. -www.yahoo.sg. -www.google.sg.
-http://sg.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=amazon+river&fcss=on&fr=yfp-t-101&toggle=1&cop=&ei=UTF-8

Done by: Ridha, Haziq, Melinda, Khairul and Yeap Yi.

Group 4! ;D

Source: http://www.asiabest.ca/products/china/images/yangtze_river.jpg

Description: The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and Asia, and the third-longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America.

The river is about 6,385 km long and flows from its source in Qinghai Province, eastwards into the East China Sea at Shanghai. It acts as a dividing line between North and South China, although geographers generally consider the Qinling-Huai River line to be the official line of geographical division. As the largest river in the region, the Yangtze is historically, culturally, and economically important to China.

Uses:

· Drinking, Irrigation, and Others
People use water for drinking, washing and many more. It is used in agriculture to irrigate fields and orchards, and to provide livestock with water.

· Enjoyment
Modern people have found many ways to enjoy rivers. Motorboats, water-skiing, and personal watercraft have joined canoes and sailboats as ways to play on moving waters. Kayaks and rafts speed vacationers down whitewater rapids.


Problems:

· Flooding
Flooding along the river has been a major problem. The rainy season in china affects the area as well. Crops and harvests are washed away by the flood.

· Pollution
The Yangtze River is becoming increasingly polluted. There are industrial waste and sewage that is dumped in the river. The Yangtze River Water Resources Authority concludes that stretches of the 6212 kilometer-Long River are too polluted for human use.

GROUP 7

Above: A map of the Thames which shows the whole river.

A picture of the Thames River.


BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE THAMES RIVER:
The Thames River is a major river that flows through southern England, it is well known because its lower reaches flows through central London. The river is a river flowing through Southern Engalnd and is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows through several other towns and cities, including Oxford, Reading and Windsor.

How the River has helped:
The river has also been very helpful as it is provides a fresh water and food source for the people of England. The river is also another form of transportation and has boost the tourism in England.

The thames has also held water events like:
• The Head of the River Race and other head races over the Championship Course
• The Wingfield Sculls for the amateur sculling championship of the Thames and Great Britain
• Doggett's Coat and Badge for apprentice watermen, one of the oldest sporting events in the world
• Henley Women's Regatta
• The Henley Boat Races for the Women's and Lightweight crews of Oxford and Cambridge Universities
• The Oxford University bumping races known as Eights Week and Torpids

Problems with the Rivers:
However the Thames River has been a problem, when it comes to heavy rain as floods would occur and affect the agricultural system there. The Thames River has also been polluted due to human actions such as littering and this in turn has caused some of the drainage system to be blocked.

GROUP 6

(Singapore river)

Source : http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_river_04.jpg

Brief description :

The Singapore river is a small river in Singapore with great historical importance. It flows from the Central Area, lying in the Central Region in southern part of Singapore before emptying into the ocean. As the Central Area is treated as a central business district, nearly all land surrounding it is commercial. It is the place where Raffles made as the 1st trading port in Singapore. It is also the most famous river in Singapore.

Uses of river :

1) Transportation

- Singapore River was the old port of Singapore. The city of Singapore initially grew around the port so the river mouth became the centre of trade, commerce and finance. Traders came to Singapore to trade as Singapore was a free port. This meant that traders and ships could trade with one another without paying custom duties or taxes on goods they carried. (19th century)

2) Source of water

- Marina Barrage brought benefits to Singapore. A new source of fresh water, a flood control and a new lifestyle attraction. It acts as a tidal barrier and reduce flooding in low-lying areas in Boat Quay and other areas along Singapore river. The barrage's crest gates will be lowered to release excess storm water into the sea. If there is a storm during high tide, the gates stay closed and large drainage pumps will then pump the excess water out to the sea, preventing floods.

Problems associated :

1) Pollution

- There was heavy traffic on the Singapore river due to rapid urbanization and expanding trade. It brought in water pollution caused by disposal of garbage, sewage and other products of industries located along the river's banks. Waste, oil spills and waste water from boats increased the pollution.

2) Insufficient deal

The quays along the river became insufficient to deal with the advancement of container shipping and trading activities gradually shifted to Keppel Harbour. This shift paved the way for the redevelopment of the Singapore River.

GROUP 8

c Singapore River Source: http://images-partners-tbn.google.com/images?q=tbn:89_zkhTi4Lj1FM:www.orientaltales.com/photography/singapore/singapore_river.jpg
The Singapore River is 11 km long from its source at Kim Seng Bridge, but the waterway extends, as Alexandra Canal, as far as the junction of Commonwealth Avenue. Here there is a break until North Buona Vista Road where Sungei Ulu Pandan starts and flows into Sungei Pandan which in turn flows into the sea at West Coast Park. Thus, the source of both these waterways is in the Queenstown, Ridout Road Estate and Tanglin Halt area near Margaret Drive.

Uses
Problems
Transportation
People used the boats to transport their goods through the river.
Pollution
People used to throw the litters to the river and cause water pollution.
Freshwater
The river is now a part of Marina Reservoir so it can create a reservoir of freshwater for us to consume.
Pollution
When people sail boats, the boats will pass out oils and it will spread all over the river causing water pollution.

GROUP 5

Map of Chao Phraya River

Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chao_Phraya_River

Description: The Chao Phraya is a major river in Thailand, with its river plain marking the mainland of the country. It runs through Bangkok, the capital of Thailand. . It is 372 kilometres long from the central plains to Bangkok and the gulf of Thailand. In Chianat, the river spilt into the main river course and the Tha Chin River, which then flows parallel to the main river and exits to the Gulf of Thailand about 35 kilometres (22 mi) west of Bangkok in Samut Sakhon.

Problems:
1. Flooding: In 1995, there was a severe flood affecting many people all over Thailand. It resulted in extensive flood damage of about 50billion Baht and the loss of many lives.

2. Pollution: It is polluted because of the trading taking place there, where a lot of rubbish is thrown into the river.

Uses:
1. Providing resources: It provides invaluable resources like water for drinking, domestic use, agriculture; habitat for plants and animals; transportation, energy and recreation.

2. Trading: The waterways of Chao Phraya River were used for them to go trading.

GROUP 3

Name of river: Nile River

Source of the picture: Wikipedia

Introduction
The length of the river is 6,650km and the Mouth location is to Mediterranean Sea and it passes through city of Cairo.

Uses of the Nile River

Used to transport goods along its long path.

Since winter winds in this area blow up river,

the sail, and down using the flow of the river.

The river is able to produce extremely fertile soil. The soil made it easy for cities and civilizations to spring up alongside the banks of the Nile.

Problems of the Nile River

Experienced annual floods.

The floods began millions of years before Egyptian civilization began in the Nile River valley and continued till they build the dam.

Poor drainage has led to saturation and increased salinity. Over one half of Egypt's farmland in now rated medium to poor soils.

Source of the information:
http://www.ancient-egypt online.com/river-nile-facts.html
http://geography.about.com/od/specificplacesofinterest/a/nile.htm

GROUP 2

Name of River: Yellow River

Source: www.foc.org/china/mss/imgngs.htm

Brief Description: The Yellow River in China got its name because the loess in the river gives it its yellow colour. However, it has other names such as China’s Pride, as it was the cradle of civilisation, and China’s Sorrow, as the frequent flooding of its banks took away more lives than any other river in the world.

Uses

1) Farming

The floods in the river deposits sediments into the soil, making it fertile, which is good news for farmers who want a good harvest.

2)Electricity

Hydroelectric dams in the river generate electricity for the people.

Problems

1)Pollution

Over 66% of the water cannot be drunk. Only about 33% of the water is in catergory 3 - okay for drinking, aquatic breeding and fisheries.
2)Floods

As a result of floods, the Yellow River was diverted southwards for nine years.